Technology has a habit of making things faster, quicker, and more scalable. But historian Edward Tenner points out a problem: such efficiency can often have unintended consequences. In the 19th century, the Irish potato was a technological marvel—a consistent, scalable food source for millions. But that scalability led to disaster when a mold-based blight spoiled multiple potato crops, leading to mass famine.
“The problems with efficiency today are less drastic but more chronic,” Tenner says. He points to the unintended side effects of digital solutions like electronic medical records. They’ve helped many large organizations, but actually created extra work for smaller ones. He mentions the algorithmic tools we use to reject and ignore imaginative stories that don’t fit the established rules of modern film and literature.
Similarly, sleep scientist Matthew Walker bemoans our culture’s disregard for a good night’s rest. He cites a series of studies, showing how even a moderate lack of sleep leads to memory loss, reduced learning, higher suicide rates, and higher rates of cancer. “It’s time for us to reclaim our right to a full night of sleep,” he says. “Without embarrassment. Without the unfortunate stigma of laziness.”
Tenner says a better mindset starts with “inspired inefficiency.” He says “data and measurement are essential. But they are not enough. Let’s leave room for human intuition and human skills.” That might mean reducing our impulse toward ruthless efficiency. “Take the scenic route. Say ‘yes’ to serendipity.”
As for sleep, Walker notes that less caffeine and alcohol will always help, but he also advocates for cooler temperatures and schedule regularity. “Keep it cool. Aim for 65 degrees. Go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time. Regularity is king. It will anchor your sleep and improve the quality and quantity of your sleep.”
2. Ask: What are we optimizing for?